新型拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能研究Ⅱ：模型试验

针对传统拉力型和压力型锚杆存在受力集中、锚固体与岩土体界面黏结强度发挥不充分、抗拔承载力偏低的问题,研发了一种新型拉压复合型锚杆。通过对传统锚杆及拉压复合型锚杆开展模型试验,对比研究了不同锚杆的极限抗拔承载力及其锚固性能。结果表明：拉压复合型锚杆极限抗拔承载力比传统拉力型锚杆大幅提高,拉压长度比为1∶2和2∶1时,分别提高79%和161%,且具有更好的位移延性和抗变形能力;拉压复合型锚杆峰后残余抗拔承载力显著提高,传统拉力型和压力型锚杆稳定残峰比最大值均不超过0.40,锚头相对拔出变形ξ_s=2.5%时,残峰比平均值分别为0.292和0.259;TC360-12锚杆和TC360-21锚杆稳定残峰比最小值分别不低于0.45和0.60,ξ_s=2.5%时,残峰比平均值分别为0.545和0.790;拉压长度比为2∶1的拉压复合型锚杆即将破坏时,受拉锚固段和承压锚固段协同承载能力更强,界面黏结强度得到充分发挥,锚杆极限抗拔承载力更高。     

基于静力触探试验的基坑开挖卸荷单桩水平承载力损失预测研究

选取典型成层地基场地并设计试坑开挖卸荷试验,开展了基于静力触探(CPT)测试的基坑开挖卸荷单桩水平承载力损失程度预测研究。通过在试坑开挖卸荷前后进行CPT原位测试,得到了试坑开挖卸荷前后的CPT贯入锥尖参数变化规律。进而基于CPT测试p–y模型研究了基坑开挖卸荷前后邻近既有单桩的水平承载力损失及桩身弯矩分布特征。分别考察了基坑开挖卸荷后邻近桩基试桩加载模式下的残余水平承载力和桩顶加载联合土体位移共同作用下的卸荷桩基水平承载特性。研究表明,依据真实卸荷土体CPT参数更能准确预测桩基水平承载力损失程度及损失特征,卸荷桩设计阶段须同时考虑卸荷桩较自由场地桩基的水平承载力损失及土体运动位移对桩基水平承载的影响。以上研究为合理确定基坑开挖引起的既有桩基水平承载力损失提供了一种技术思路,同时对卸荷桩水平承载性能评价具有参考意义。     

新型拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能研究Ⅲ：现场试验

针对传统拉力型锚杆存在受力集中、锚固体与岩土体界面黏结强度发挥不充分、抗拔承载力偏低的问题,研发了一种新型拉压复合型锚杆。通过开展现场破坏性试验,对拉力型锚杆及拉压复合型锚杆的承载能力、荷载位移曲线及应变数据进行分析,结果表明：3组拉压复合型锚杆TC12-3、TC11-1、TC21锚杆的平均破坏荷载分别提高至拉力型锚杆的2.81,2.01,2.52倍;拉压复合型锚杆套管内的拉力传递损失率最大为20.5%,在自由段内的拉力传递损失率最大仅为6.8%,拉力传递损失主要发生在承压锚固段上;TC12-3锚杆的受拉锚固段长度最短,单位受拉锚固段长度分担荷载最高;TC21-1锚杆的承压锚固段最短,单位承压锚固段长度分担荷载最高;锚杆破坏时,TC12-3、TC11-1、TC21-1锚杆的受拉承载系数分别为0.398,0.470,0.600;且TC11-1锚杆表现为承压锚固段与受拉锚固段同时破坏,TC12-3、TC21-1锚杆表现为先后破坏;拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能显著提高主要是由于荷载分解作用,界面剪应力双向传递机制及短锚承载效应;从荷载位移曲线来看,拉压复合型锚杆具有较好的抗变形能力,在岩土锚固工程中,具有显著的优势和广阔的应用前景。     

充气式张弦穹顶结构静力性能与稳定性研究

基于Tensairity结构概念设计了跨度80m的充气式张弦穹顶结构,建立了精细化的有限元模型,实现了零状态、初始态和荷载态的全过程数值模拟,分析了结构在不同工况下的静力性能和稳定性。研究表明：该结构体系具有良好的静力性能和稳定性,内压在1~4kPa范围内即可保证充气气囊对刚性构件的支撑作用;整体结构没有出现明显的弹性失稳问题,导致结构失效的主要原因是构件的材料破坏和膜材的应力松弛;当内压较低时,结构因上层膜面松弛而失效;当内压较高时,结构因刚性上弦大范围进入塑性状态而破坏。自振特性分析表明,该结构的整体刚性较大,但绕中心轴的抗扭刚度较为薄弱。     

钢纤维轻骨料混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线研究

采用100%烧结膨胀页岩陶粒作为粗细骨料,以占胶凝材料总质量20%的粉煤灰等质量替代水泥作为胶凝材料,按绝对体积直接计算法设计并制备了钢纤维全轻混凝土。以水泥强度等级（42.5和52.5）、钢纤维体积率（0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%）为参数,进行了钢纤维全轻混凝土轴心抗压试验研究,分析了钢纤维全轻混凝土单轴受压破坏形态及其应力-应变曲线特征。结果表明：钢纤维全轻混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线的峰值应力及其对应应变随钢纤维体积率和水泥强度等级的提高呈现增大趋势;钢纤维体积率的增加使试件的破坏形态由脆性向塑性转变。结合相关文献研究成果,对轻骨料混凝土（砂轻混凝土、全轻混凝土）和钢纤维轻骨料混凝土（钢纤维砂轻混凝土、钢纤维全轻混凝土）单轴受压应力-应变曲线进行了综合分析,提出了两类混凝土单轴受压应力-应变曲线统一计算模型及其特征点计算公式。     

汽车稳定杆用 55Cr3弹簧钢室温旋转弯曲疲劳性能

从汽车稳定杆用钢的实际应用需求出发,采用横向轴向应变控制方法,在应变循环比 R为－1,频率 83Hz和室温环境下,测试了 55Cr3弹簧钢旋转弯曲疲劳性能,得到了试样的 S-N曲线。并通过扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,研究了 55Cr3弹簧钢旋转弯曲疲劳特性。结果显示：生产的汽车稳定杆用 55Cr3弹簧钢具有高纯净度和良好的强度与塑韧性配合,其旋转弯曲疲劳试样的疲劳极限可达 730MPa;在较高应力下,裂纹起源于试样表面因加工刀痕和擦伤等引起的缺陷,且存在多处裂纹源。     

65Mn弹簧钢盘条相变组织分析

为合理制定65Mn盘条控冷工艺和球化退火工艺,使用热模拟相变膨胀法,结合金相组织分析及硬度试验方法,研究65Mn弹簧钢的组织相变规律。试验测定了65Mn动态连续转变CCT曲线,同时测定了该钢种的Ac1、Ac3、Ar1、Ar3等临界相变点温度,结果表明,当冷却速度低于7 ℃/s时,仅发生铁素体和珠光体组织相变,此时钢中组织为索氏体＋珠光体＋铁素体,索氏体含量随冷却速度的增加而增加。冷却速度大于7 ℃/s时,开始发生马氏体相变。冷却速度大于30 ℃/s时仅发生马氏体相变。采用本试验研究成果,制定了合理的65Mn盘条控冷工艺,生产出了力学性能合格的65Mn盘条。同时制定了合适的盘条球化退火工艺,供下游用户参考,用户使用该工艺对盘条进行球化退火处理,可获得均匀的球化组织。     

Horizontal bracing to enhance progressive collapse resistance of steel moment frames

In this paper, the effect of horizontal bracing on enhancing the resistance of steel moment frames against progressive collapse is investigated. Previously designed 6 bay by 3 bay 18‐story steel frame prototype building with 6 m bay span (namely, unbraced frame), which was susceptible to progressive collapse, is retrofitted by four types of horizontal bracing systems on the perimeter of the topmost story and analyzed using 3D nonlinear dynamic method. Six different cross‐sections for each bracing system type are considered, and the capacity curves for each model are obtained. Three column removal circumstances, namely, Edge Short Column, First Edge Long Column, and Edge Long Column are considered in this paper. The results imply that horizontal bracing would increase the resistance of moment frames against progressive collapse. However, one of the bracing types in which axial compressive force is created in braces is not appropriate for retrofitting.     

Seismic performance of corrugated steel plate concrete composite shear walls

In this paper, composite shear walls with different encased steel plates (flat, horizontal corrugated, and vertical corrugated) were tested and simulated by Abaqus to investigate the seismic behavior of corrugated steel plate concrete composite shear walls (SPCSWs). The failure characteristics, deformation and energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness and bearing capacity of the structures under low‐frequency cyclic load were analyzed, and indexes of the seismic performance were obtained. The formulas of the shear‐bearing capacity of steel plate concrete composite shear walls are suggested, and the shear‐sharing ratio of each member is obtained. According to the obtained results, corrugated steel plates can bond with concrete well, and the bearing capacity of the vertical corrugated SPCSW are higher than that of the horizontal corrugated SPCSW. Compared with flat SPCSW, corrugated SPCSW has higher initial stiffness and lateral stiffness, better ductility and energy dissipation ability, and the degradation of bearing capacity and stiffness is slower. The shear‐sharing ratio of a steel plate is larger than that of reinforced concrete in the flat SPCSW and the vertical corrugated SPCSW, the shear force shared by steel plate and reinforced concrete in horizontal corrugated SPCSW is basically the same.     

Seismic risk analysis for reinforced concrete structures with both random and parallelepiped convex variables

This article develops an improved seismic risk assessment formulation exhibiting both random and bounded uncertainties using a probability and parallelepiped convex set mixed model. Limit thresholds for different types of components are described via a probabilistic model. The distribution parameters of limit thresholds are originally treated by employing a multidimensional parallelepiped convex model, in which marginal intervals are utilised to represent scattering levels for the distribution parameters, while relevant angle are employed to express the correlation between uncertain distribution parameters. The structural responses, i.e., engineering demand parameters (EDPs), are considered as correlated random variables and are assumed to follow a multidimensional lognormal distribution. A performance limit state function, which allows considering the relationship between the EDPs and the corresponding limit thresholds, is employed to reflect the coexistence of both random and parallelepiped convex variables. The limit state function is mapped into the standard parameter space via a transformation technique. Then, the improved seismic risk formulation, characterised through a probability and parallelepiped convex mixed variables, can be derived with the combination of the seismic fragility function and the ground motion hazard curve. The main purpose is to illustrate that the performance limit states should be properly modeled as random and parallelepiped convex mixed variables rather than only random or deterministic quantities. A six-story reinforced concrete building designed according to Chinese codes are used to illustrate the proposed approach for constructing hazard curves. The interstory drift and the peak floor acceleration are the selected EDPs, calculated through incremental dynamic analysis. The results demonstrate that the calculated failure probabilities for different limit states in 50?years are found capable of meeting the requirements of Chinese seismic norms after the proposed seismic risk formulation is adopted.